The Need for Organisational Resilience - Chapter 1

which is enduring in best practice whilst incorporating contemporary insights and how

these principles are applied today and the immediate future. It is dynamic and constantly

reviewed for relevance. It describes how Alliance Armed Forces operate but not about

why they do what they do, which is the realm of policy. (North Atlantic Treaty

Organization and NATO Standardization Agency (NSA) 2010)

In broad terms, a doctrine does not include policy decisions but it does include strategic

decisions that are naturally informed by policy. Strategic management involves planning,

coordination, and general direction of military operations to meet overall political and military

objectives. Tactics comprise the short-term decisions about troop movements and

deployment of weapons on the field of battle that implement the strategy. Von Clausewitz

argued: Tactics is the art of using troops in battle; strategy is the art of using battles to win

the war. The intermediate level, operational, the conversion of strategy into tactics, deals with formation of units 4 .

4 In management literature, the order of levels tends to be as follow: Strategy, Tactics, Operations. I follow the order of contemporary military science.

31 | P a g e